Hence, the balancing act: People must protect folate and produce vitamin D. Whereas the skin kickstarts production of vitamin D after being exposed to those same rays. Folate is destroyed by the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Instead, complexion has been shaped by conflicting demands from two essential vitamins: folate and vitamin D. But actually, humanity’s color gradient probably has little to do with sunburn, or even skin cancer. That may seem obvious, considering the suffering that ensues when pale folks visit the beach. Put simply, dark complexion is advantageous in sunnier places, whereas fair skin fairs better in regions with less sun. There’s a convincing explanation for why human skin tone varies as a global gradient, with the darkest populations around the equator and the lightest ones near the poles. Human skin color reflects an evolutionary balancing act tens of thousands of years in the making.
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